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Rock Song I Can Feel It Coming Back Again

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1982 single by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force

"Planet Rock"
Planet rock by afrika bambaataa and the soul sonic force US 7-inch vocal side (orange label).png

Side A of Us 7-inch vinyl single
Single by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Strength
Released April 17, 1982
Studio Intergalactic Studio
Genre Electro, hip hop
Label Tommy Boy
Composer(s) Arthur Baker, John Robie, Soulsonic Force
Lyricist(s) Emcee G.50.O.B.E., Arthur Baker
Producer(s) Arthur Bakery
Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force singles chronology
"Planet Rock"
(1982) 		"Looking for the Perfect Beat"
(1982)

"Planet Rock" is a vocal by the American hip hop artists Afrika Bambaataa and the Soul Sonic Force. The vocal was produced past Arthur Bakery and released by Tommy Boy Records in 1982. The recording came together subsequently DJ and producer Bakery met with Bambaataa and the two bonded over the idea of creating a song about their mutual appreciation for the band Kraftwerk. Baker and Bambaataa had worked together previously on the song "Jazzy Awareness," and decided to compose a more electronic based version of the hip hop song, as opposed to the more disco-oriented piece of work popular at the time. Along with musician John Robie, the group recorded the single at Intergalactic Studios in New York. Robie duplicated the audio on the tape and had Bambaataa'southward rappers in the Soul Sonic Forcefulness rap over information technology. To create the raps, the lyricist of the group, Emcee G.L.O.B.E., had to develop a mode he chosen "mc popping", which involved rapping off time, an unusual style at the time.

The song was released in 1982 and became popular, somewhen earning a Gold record certification in the United States, the first for the group and label. The new musical style on the song later became known as electro. The vocal features simple lyrics discussing the power of music and having a fun time. Later its release, the song began to get airtime on the radio. The use of Kraftwerk's music on the song was done without permission. The ring approached the label and Tommy Boy'due south director, Tom Silverman, eventually agreed to give Kraftwerk 1 dollar for every record sold. He increased the cost of the single to brand a return on the record. Attempts to get a full-length album for Bambaataa were not possible with Tommy Boy initially every bit Silverman'south contract with him was strictly for singles and re-negotiating it proved hard. "Planet Rock" later was released on the album titled Planet Stone: The Album in 1986.

The vocal was listed as 1 of the best singles of 1982 by the NME and was described by Robert Palmer of The New York Times as "perhaps the most influential black popular record of 1982", noting its influence on "both the black pop mainstream and several leading white new-moving ridge rockers". Several musicians and groups noted how the track influenced them including Run-DMC, ii Live Crew, A Guy Called Gerald, Fatboy Slim and Newcleus. The song has been remixed and re-released several times, has been described as ane of the definitive electro songs by AllMusic, and has been voted the third greatest hip hop vocal by Rolling Stone.

Groundwork [edit]

Arthur Baker had moved from Boston to New York in 1981 where he had been DJing, producing and mixing records and working equally a music announcer as early on as 1976.[1] By his own access, Bakery described himself as a "shit dj" and was more interested in making music despite not being a musician.[1] His musical piece of work included co-producing a few records under the name Northend with singer Tony Carbone and drummer Russell Presto for West End Records.[1] Baker followed these up in the tardily 1970s with an album he made that was released by Tom Moulton every bit TJM, followed by "Happy Days" a single on North Cease Records.[one] [2] Along with working in the studio, Bakery was as well writing reviews for the magazine Dance Music Report, which was owned by Tom Silverman who was starting up the characterization Tommy Boy Records.[one]

Afrika Bambaataa had worked as a disc jockey in the mid-1970s working block parties in the south eastward Bronx.[iii] Bambaataa would play a multifariousness of eclectic music and searched throughout New York to discover new records. This led to him discovering music by Kraftwerk, Yellowish Magic Orchestra and Gary Numan.[3] Bambaataa met Silverman at one of his DJ sets, which led to working on releases for Tommy Male child including "Let's Vote" past Nuri and other tracks for a girl grouping called Cotton Candy.[3] Silverman was concerned that Tommy Male child'due south record sales were insignificant. He talked to Baker, the only producer he knew, about producing a tape.[one] He had Baker produce "Jazzy Awareness" for Afrika Bambaataa and the Jazzy v which was released by Tommy Boy in 1982.[ane] [4] The record was successful; Baker estimated information technology sold 30,000 records.[1] Silverman suggested a 2-record a follow-up which led to Bambaataa and Baker creating a record based on their love of the band Kraftwerk.[1] Baker recalled that when he heard Kraftwerk'due south song "Numbers" being played at the Music Factory in Brooklyn, he saw "black guys in their twenties and thirties asking, 'What's that beat?' So I knew that if nosotros used that beat and added an element of the street, it was going to piece of work."[five]

John Robie was a guitarist and synthesizer role player who lived in New York. [half-dozen] [7] [8] Robie detested disco music, assertive musicians did not have to take talent to make it, declaring "y'all had people playing to metronomes, everyone sounding the aforementioned, and lyrics that were nonsensical and more often than not infantile."[6] Although Robie described himself equally starting out as a die-difficult rock musician, he was a fan of early on hip hop music, discussing in 1991 that the genre was "a bang-up form of expression [...] What was nifty about those early on rap records was that there was a melodic content to them, they were music at the same time."[8] Robie began meeting with Bambaataa, who showed off his abilities on keyboards after Bambaataa had asked him if he could play music similar to Kraftwerk.[nine] Bambaataa contacted Silverman about Robie's talents, which led to him meeting with Baker to work on "Planet Rock".[half-dozen] Robie subsequently recalled on their work together every bit an "unlikely mix of talents was as much of a phenomenon every bit their record itself. People from totally different backgrounds with completely dissimilar tastes and styles [...] At the time I remember information technology feeling pretty baroque."[6]

Production [edit]

Afrika Bambaataa suggested using drums from "Super Sporm" by Captain Sky for "Planet Rock".

Baker is not sure when "Planet Rock" was recorded, stating it was either 1980 or 1981.[i] Prior to going into the studio, Bambaataa recalled working at Silverman'south father's house in White Plains, New York, working on a bassline taken from B. T. Express that was not used.[3] Robie, Bambaataa and Baker recorded "Planet Rock" at Intergalactic Studio.[10] The group had previously recorded "Jazzy Awareness" at the same studio.[5] The tape was completed quickly, every bit they did not have a large recording budget.[1] Baker said information technology took approximately iii all-night sessions. During the outset they developed the music and a chip of the rap. The next night they worked on the rapping, and the final dark mixed the record.[1]

The studio's equipment included a Neve panel, Studer 24–track record machine and UREI monitors, a Dictionary PCM41 digital delay, Sony reverb and a Fairlight CMI digital synthesizer.[v] [11] Baker said:

They only had a few things, and then we basically got all of our furnishings out of the Dictionary PCM41, including Bambaataa's electronic vocal vocoder sound. That came through a really, actually tight delay, almost like a tight electronic phasing, and so there was the state–of–the–art Sony reverb. However, other than that, there weren't a whole load of furnishings on that tape.[five]

The group lacked a Roland TR-808 drum machine they could use just found one advertised in The Village Vocalization—"Man with drum machine, 20 dollars a session."[11] They played the musician the Kraftwerk song "Numbers" and asked to have that programmed into the drum machine. The 808 was programmed through the Neve console, which Baker described every bit an "amazing mixing board".[v] [eleven] In the studio, Baker experimented with the Fairlight CMI and found a few sounds on it, including one of an explosion, which would exist used later on "Planet Rock".[11] He subsequently lamented the Fairlight's lack of usefulness describing it equally a "$100,000 waste product of infinite."[i]

Robie provided the group with a Micromoog and Prophet-5 synthesizers.[11] Baker later praised Robie'southward studio piece of work, saying he "could play. You'd tell him to play something and he'd play it and add something to it. He was really, actually expert."[xi] Baker said it took nigh eight hours to get the track in working club and develop information technology first without any rappers.[11] Bambaataa commented "a lot of people think nosotros sampled Kraftwerk but it'south but not true. John Robie was a bad-ass synthesizer thespian, so he was just good in playing stuff, that information technology sounded similar they sampled the record."[3]

When asked most how much Bambaataa contributed to the record, Baker felt that he was "more of an inspiration" and "definitely had [an] influence" simply was unfamiliar with studio equipment.[1] When asked in 1985 nearly his contributions to his records, Bambaataa said he did not do "much rapping" but helped develop the records, stating that: "They may be written or produced by whomever, but you can be sure I had something to do with getting the sound I want, whether it's a sure dirge, keyboard riff, drum pattern or a speed-upwardly on the synthesizers."[12] Bambaataa added that whether he works with Bill Laswell of Material or Baker, he "usually act[southward] equally a co-producer" and brings "i of my groups to come up up with a strong rap."[12] Among Bambaataa'southward suggestions, was using a beat from Captain Heaven'south "Super Sporm".[1] [xi] Bambaataa was concerned that people would feel they were copying Kraftwerk, so he proposed adding the beat.[three] The group was nervous about how Kraftwerk would react to "Planet Rock" and adult a dissever melody line for it.[1] Silverman eventually stepped in and had the group utilize the "Trans-Europe Limited" melody.[one] The unused melody would end up being used on "Play At Your Own Risk" by Planet Patrol.[x] The music for both "Play At Your Ain Take a chance" and "Planet Rock" were recorded on the aforementioned tape.[10]

Influenced by George Clinton, who had many separate music groups that contained the same band members, Bambaataa formed his groups such as the Soul Sonic Force, which in its original form consisted of about xx members of the Universal Zulu Nation.[13] The personnel used within the Soul Sonic Force whom Bambaataa performed and recorded with was smaller and independent two divide groups with the same name.[thirteen] The first included performers Mr. Biggs, Queen Kenya, and DJ Cowboy while the second variation of the group included Mr. Biggs, Pow Wow, Grand.L.O.B.Due east. and DJ Jazzy Jay.[xiii] The Soul Sonic Force members that contributed to "Planet Rock" consisted of rappers Mr.Biggs, Pow Wow, and G.Fifty.O.B.E.[14] When they came in to perform the vocals, Bakery said that they "hated the music. Not even hated it. They despised information technology."[11] The rappers wanted to perform something closer to "Jazzy Sensation" and other tracks that were on the R&B charts.[xi] Baker specifically recalled Mr.Biggs refusing to rap on it.[eleven] Baker recalled that Thou.Fifty.O.B.Due east. eventually got the grouping to rap it past not rapping exactly on the shell.[eleven] [5] Baker says he cannot remember where the title "Planet Rock" came from, but that G.L.O.B.E. wrote all of the song's lyrics except the chorus that Baker wrote.[five] G.50.O.B.E. wrote most of the group'due south lyrics.[14] Baker said he was certain of this and admitted to stealing the "Rock rock to the Planet Stone, don't end." line from the record "Trunk Music" by The Strikers, which had the line "Punk rock to the punk rock, don't finish."[5] Jay Burnett, who engineered the song, performed the "rock rock to the planet stone, don't stop" vocal.[5] Bob Rosa provided some overdubbing for the record and approximately 30 hours were spent recording and mixing "Planet Rock" before the single was mastered and then remastered.[five] Jazzy Jay, an associate of Bambaataa'southward, described editing "Planet Rock" as "the nearly ho-hum thing".[15] He recalled Baker being there during the whole editing procedure: "splicing, cut tape with a razor blade. What we practise now with just a few strokes of the keyboard."[xv]

Music and manner [edit]

Writer and essayist Kurt B. Reighley described "Planet Rock" every bit a fusion of hip-hop breaks and "icy synthesizer lines lifted from Kraftwerk" that "laid the pattern for the genre dubbed "electro".[16] On its release, the genre of the song was not clear. Producer Rick Rubin said that "at the fourth dimension we barely considered it a rap record".[17] while DJ Muggs of Cypress Loma said that on the West Coast, hip hop had not hit until around 1984 and people listening to "Planet Rock" called it funk.[18]

Bakery described the sound of "Planet Rock" as a "marriage of electronic music with street culture and blackness music".[19] He expanded on this, comparing the use of Kraftwerk'southward songs to cover songs, noting that "Black music has always had embrace records. What I was trying to exercise was mix in the DJ $.25 of other records. It was a conscious thing. [...] I tried to create what a DJ would do with records."[1] Although acknowledging the influence of Kraftwerk, Bambaataa said the group was simply function of the influence on the audio, naming Gary Numan and Xanthous Magic Orchestra as inspiration.[16] Describing the song's sound every bit "electro funk",[xx] Bambaataa said his thought for the song's sound was for it to exist electronic but with "a lot of funk and heavy bass". He noted the influence of James Brown, Sly & The Family Rock, George Clinton and his bands Parliament and Funkadelic.[16] The Soul Sonic Force's look and stage wear—carved African walking sticks, Mardi Gras fashion headdresses and Zulu beads, a way that Bambaataa called the "wildstyle"—was compared to those of the bands Parliament and Funkadelic.[21]

Writer William Eric Perkins described "Planet Rock" as "lyrically unproblematic", with lyrics that encouraged the listener to have a "fun life and a funky good time".[20] [21] The lyrics of "Planet Rock" historic the ability of music to take listeners to the past and the future while encouraging them to enjoy the present.[22] The vocal contains positive messages nearly "chasing your dreams", and to "alive it upwardly" because "our world is costless."[22] Baker described the Soul Sonic Force's rapper G.L.O.B.Due east. equally the genius of the group. 1000.L.O.B.E. described himself as an "MC popper" a style Baker summarized as rapping "sort of half-time thing. Instead of being on the beat, being off the beat. That was very different at the time."[11] Prisoner of war Wow performed the wordless vocal of "zz-zz-zz" when he could not remember his lines in the vocal.[x] Baker later commented that if he could alter anything in the song it would have been that verse.[x]

Release [edit]

Initial release [edit]

Prior to releasing "Planet Stone", Bakery played the song in diverse tape stores in Brooklyn and Manhattan request listeners what they thought of information technology.[23] In an interview with Billboard, Baker said: "Ninety per centum of the people [I] asked wanted to purchase it correct abroad." One person even offered him $200 for his acetate re-create.[23] [24] Baker took the acetate into the Music Factory tape shop in Brooklyn. It blew upwardly their speakers considering of the rails's excessive low-end.[5] Sources vary on the release date of "Planet Rock". An article in Sound on Audio states it was released in June 1982.[5] The liner notes to Planet Rock: The Album state the release was in April 1982.[25] In an interview in the July 24, 1982, event of Billboard Silverman says that "Planet Stone" had only been bachelor for xc days.[26] Shortly afterwards the product, Jazzy Jay was driving on a freeway and heard "Planet Stone" on the radio and rushed off to phone Bambaataa to tell him near it.[xv] Jay was in stupor. Before meetings with radio station personnel asking them to play hip hop were met with claims information technology was non a genre but a fad; they refused to play information technology.[15] The single peaked on Billboard 's Hot 100 on September 11, 1982, at number 48 and spent xi weeks on the nautical chart.[27] It went Golden in the United states by October 1982.[28]

The group was concerned that Kraftwerk would exist angry with them for using the "Trans-Europe Express" melody.[xi] Karl Bartos, the co-writer of "Numbers", said that "in the get-go nosotros were very angry, because they didn't credit the authors [...] [then] we felt pissed off [...] in that location was cipher written downwards saying that its source was "Trans-Europe Limited" and "Numbers"."[29] Kraftwerk approached Tommy Boy and Silverman decided to give the group a dollar for each record sold.[11] Every bit a outcome, Silverman raised the list price of the record stating that the single became "$5.98 listing 12-inch, as opposed to a $iv.98. Simply by the time he did that, the tape was so hot, people simply went for it."[xi] Wolfgang Flür responded that "[t]hey didn't fifty-fifty inquire in the first identify whether Kraftwerk was in understanding ... the company that had released the single, Tommy Boy Records, had to fork out a lot of money after the upshot, but they merely increased the cost of the single [...] and recouped their fine."[29]

Re-releases and remixes [edit]

Afterwards "Planet Rock" had been released Silverman said he wanted a 7-inch edit of the song.[1] He knew that John "Jellybean" Benitez had a quarter-inch, 15" tape machine, which led to Baker and Benitez creating the edit of "Planet Rock" at Benitez's dwelling house.[1] Attempts to get a full-length album for Bambaataa were not possible with Tommy Male child as Silverman'due south contract with him was strictly for singles; re-negotiating the contract proved to be difficult.[30] The followup single to "Planet Rock", "Looking for the Perfect Beat" was released in December 1982.[31] A total-length anthology titled Planet Rock: The Album was released in 1986, which contained the three other singles "Looking for the Perfect Trounce", "Renegades of Funk", "Frantic Situation", and three previously unreleased tracks.[30] [32]

On May 5, 1992, a remix Extended play (EP) was released by the group on Tommy Boy, which featured remixes by Karl Bartos, 808 State, DJ Magic Mike and LFO.[33] [34] Ron Wynn of AllMusic felt the remixes were unsuccessful, noting that "Planet Rock"'southward "hook was onetime-schoolhouse, equally was its charm. The newer version lacks bite."[34] Paul Oakenfold created a remix of "Planet Rock" for the soundtrack to the motion-picture show Swordfish in 2001 which became Oakenfold'southward kickoff charting single in the United Kingdom.[35] Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic described Oakenfold'due south remix as turning the song into "a seven-infinitesimal breakbeat trance anthem -- something that would be considered downright blasphemous in many circles"[36] The song was remixed once again for the film 808 in 2015, featuring remixes past Kaytranada and Boys Noize.[37]

Reception [edit]

Gimmicky reviews, in the United Kingdom, included one by Edwin Pouncey of Sounds who praised an import version of the vocal declaring it a "wiilldd paarrtty monster" which "once heard is never forgotten."[38] The NME placed "Planet Rock" at 16th on their 1982 best of the year ranking.[39] Nelson George of Billboard referred to the track as "one of the summer's biggest singles" in 1982.[26] In The Hamlet Voice 'due south 1982 Pazz & Jop critics' poll, the single was voted the twelvemonth's eighth best. Robert Christgau, the poll'due south supervisor, chosen it the twelvemonth'south "nearly influential trip the light fantastic record" and "potentially as influential as 'Rapper'due south Delight'".[40] Lynden Hairdresser of Melody Maker wrote in 1984 that the vocal was "probably the single well-nigh influential record of the Eighties" noting it spawned the electro-funk genre and that lead indirectly to a new "revolution" in how mainstream soul is conceived, recorded and mixed.[41]

Robert Palmer of The New York Times called "Planet Rock" "maybe the nearly influential black pop record of 1982", noting its influence on "both the blackness popular mainstream and several leading white new-wave rockers".[42] Contemporary musicians of the period commented on the runway, with rapper Melle Mel saying later that "Planet Rock" had "[h]urt all the other rappers" noting that Bambaataa and his crew were "the only ones to have this real futuristic, synthesized sound. It hurt us because it ripped everything into a unlike dimension."[twenty] Brian Chin of Billboard would afterward say that Melle Mel and Knuckles Bootee'southward late 1982 track "The Message II" was influenced by "Planet Rock".[43] Baker referred to the "mc popping" style that G.L.O.B.E. performed on the runway as an influence on Run-DMC.[eleven] Darryl "D.Yard.C." McDaniels said their group's song "Information technology'due south Like That" was "basically a 'Planet Stone' menstruation over a vanquish."[44] Before hearing "Planet Stone", Cosmo D of Newcleus who had recorded songs such equally "Jam On'south Revenge" and "Reckoner Age (Push the Button)"[45] said afterwards completing the runway "Computer Age (Push the Push button)" that he "started hearing this shit on the air, 'Planet Rock'. And I hear this shit, and I said, 'If that shit is a hit, I know "Reckoner Historic period" is a hitting'."[45] In the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, DJ Gerald Simpson (A Guy Chosen Gerald) said that going out dancing he started to hear "electro-ey stuff – "Planet Rock" and Newcleus, that kind of vibe. That blew us abroad back then – dancing-wise it was perfect. Before that we were listening to jazz, funk and soul, where the music was all played live. But this stuff – you lot know exactly where the trounce's gonna come, and so dancing-wise you tin can experiment a bit more."[46] Norman Cook of The Housemartins began DJing at the age of 18 afterward hearing "Planet Rock". He said "I wanted to make trip the light fantastic music, non white pop music".[47] Cook would later notice success nether the allonym of Fatboy Slim releasing albums such as You've Come a Long Fashion, Baby and platinum albums around the world.[47] [48] [49] Stationed in the UK during 1980s, Mr. Mixx of 2 Live Crew said: "I thought, at the time, that it was the near profound tape I'd ever heard. It was the crossover point between electronic dance music and R&B."[l]

Retrospective [edit]

Frank Owen commented on "Planet Stone" in 1990 in Spin, referring to it equally "year nothing of the new trip the light fantastic toe music", noting that information technology was still a strong influence on American regional scenes with Miami bass, Detroit techno and Los Angeles hip hop.[51] Owen noted that the influence of "Planet Stone" declined in New York where he believed that what was once was a "radical listening feel" had become "lost under the weight of endless imitations that followed in its wake."[51] John Bush, a writer for the AllMusic database praised the song, declaring that "no single encapsulates the electro era quite like Planet Rock," while finding that "[t]he rapping, though not up to later standards, does make an improvement on the rather lame rhymes and lack of rhythm from the first few rap singles to hit the market."[52] François K, a musician, studio producer and engineer who has worked with Kraftwerk, Depeche Way, Diana Ross and The Cure declared that "Planet Rock" was the song he most associated with New York in the early 1980s, adding that "there was nothing else that could touch on that tape [...] In that location was nothing that yr that could superlative what "Planet Rock" did."[53] In 2012, Rolling Stone polled 33 music journalists, executives and hip hop producers and rappers to create a list of the 50 greatest hip hop songs of all time. "Planet Rock" was placed at number three on the listing, with Chuck D of Public Enemy proclaiming information technology "as important as Willie Mitchell or Booker T. were to the Memphis scene. There hasn't been a vocal similar it in hip-hop since."[17]

Rails listing [edit]

12" single (TB 823) [54]

  1. "Planet Rock (Song)" – half dozen:25
  2. "Bonus Beats I" – ane:15
  3. "Planet Stone (Instrumental)" – nine:sixteen

Credits [edit]

Credits adapted from the liner notes and expanded with data in the article.[54] Robie is credited on the record equally Planet Patrol.[46]

  • Arthur Baker – producer, mixing, composer
  • Tom Silverman – executive producer
  • John Brunette – engineer
  • Bob Rosa – engineer
  • Herb Powers Jr. – mastering
  • John Robie – composer, music, Micromoog and Prophet 5 synthesizers
  • Soul Sonic Force – composer

Certifications [edit]

Run across also [edit]

  • 1982 in hip hop music
  • Music of New York City

References [edit]

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f 1000 h i j k l yard n o p q r s t Brewster & Broughton 1999.
  2. ^ Brewster & Broughton 2010, p. 207.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Broughton 1998.
  4. ^ Mitchell 2002, p. 43.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j thousand l Buskin 2008.
  6. ^ a b c d Lawrence 2016, p. 289.
  7. ^ Book 4 Plan ix (liner notes). New York City: Disconet Program Service. 1982. MWDN 409.
  8. ^ a b Farber 1991, p. 86.
  9. ^ Gross.
  10. ^ a b c d e Mao 2007.
  11. ^ a b c d east f g h i j k l m n o p q Baker 2013.
  12. ^ a b Johnson 1985.
  13. ^ a b c Stancell 1996, p. four.
  14. ^ a b "New on the Charts". Billboard. Vol. 94, no. 33. 21 Baronial 1982. p. 25. ISSN 0006-2510.
  15. ^ a b c d Ariefdien 2007.
  16. ^ a b c Reighley 1999, p. 72.
  17. ^ a b "The 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. five December 2012. Archived from the original on 24 Apr 2019. Retrieved 14 Nov 2019.
  18. ^ Coleman 2007, p. 121.
  19. ^ Anderson 2008.
  20. ^ a b c Perkins 1996, p. 12.
  21. ^ a b Perkins 1996, p. xiii.
  22. ^ a b Guins & Cruz 2005, p. 506.
  23. ^ a b Mentum 1982a, p. 51.
  24. ^ Chin 1982a, p. 58.
  25. ^ Planet Rock – The Anthology (Liner notes). Afrika Bambaataa & the Soul Sonic Force. Tommy Male child Records. 1986. TBLP 1007. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  26. ^ a b George 1982, p. 51.
  27. ^ "Planet Rock". Billboard . Retrieved eighteen November 2019.
  28. ^ Green 1982, p. 70.
  29. ^ a b Albiez & Pattie 2011, p. 189.
  30. ^ a b Watts 2018.
  31. ^ "A galaxy of Solid Gilt Talent on a Single Label". Billboard. Vol. 49, no. 51. 25 Dec 1982. p. 49. Look out for the new 12" single from the Jonzun Crew, "Space Is The Place" TB 8282 and in the coming week, the long-awaited follow up to "Planet Stone", "Looking For the Perfect Beat" past Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Forcefulness.
  32. ^ Brown.
  33. ^ Don't Stop... Planet Rock (Media notes). Afrika Bambaataa & The Soulsonic Force. Tommy Boy. 1992. TBEP 1052. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  34. ^ a b Wynn.
  35. ^ "Paul Oakenfold". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved xix November 2019.
  36. ^ Birchmeier.
  37. ^ White potato 2016.
  38. ^ Pouncey 1982.
  39. ^ "Albums and Tracks of the Year for 1982". NME. 2016-10-10. Archived from the original on 14 Nov 2011. Retrieved 15 Nov 2019.
  40. ^ Christgau 1983; Christgau 1982.
  41. ^ Hairdresser 1984.
  42. ^ Palmer 1983, p. 24.
  43. ^ Mentum 1982b, p. 46.
  44. ^ Williams 2014.
  45. ^ a b Fernando Jr. 2015.
  46. ^ a b Stratton & Zuberi 2016, p. 157.
  47. ^ a b Day 2000, p. 47.
  48. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1999 Albums". ARIA Charts. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved eighteen Nov 2019.
  49. ^ "Gold/Platinum". Music Canada. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  50. ^ Serwer 2016.
  51. ^ a b Owen 1990, p. 84.
  52. ^ Bush.
  53. ^ Janson 2013.
  54. ^ a b Planet Rock (label). Afrika Bambaataa & the Soul Sonic Force. Tommy Male child Records. 1982. TB 823. {{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  55. ^ "American single certifications – A. BAMBAATTA / SOUL SONIC FORCE – Planet Stone". Recording Industry Association of America.

Sources [edit]

  • Albiez, Sean; Pattie, David (2011). Kraftwerk: Music Non-Cease. A&C Black. ISBN978-1441191366.
  • Anderson, Jason (27 Nov 2008). "Slaves to the rhythm". CBC . Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  • Ariefdien, Shaheen (2007). "Jazzy Jay". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on nineteen November 2019. Retrieved xviii Nov 2019.
  • Baker, Arthur (iv April 2013). "Fundamental Tracks: Arthur Baker on 'Planet Rock'". Reddish Balderdash Music Academy. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 14 Nov 2019.
  • Barber, Lynden (xx October 1984). "Afrika Bambaataa: Play It Again Bam". Melody Maker . Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  • Birchmeier, Jason. "Swordfish: The Album". AllMusic. Archived from the original on eight October 2012. Retrieved nineteen November 2019.
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  • Brewster, Nib; Broughton, Frank (1999). "Making Musical History: Arthur Bakery and Electro in 1980s New York". Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved xiv November 2019.
  • Broughton, Frank (Oct 1998). "Interview: Afrika Bambaataa". Cherry Bull Music University. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  • Brown, Marisa. "Planet Rock: The Anthology - Afrika Bambaataa, Afrika Bambaataa & The Soulsonic Force". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved ii January 2020.
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External links [edit]

  • "Planet Stone" music video on YouTube

grayshomire.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Rock_(song)

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